Human Genome Project and Other Genetic Engineering Links
(not updated since 1997, update coming soon)

• http://www.er.doe.gov/production/oher/hug_top.html -- Human Genome Program: The Human Genome Program of the Department of Energy is a focused effort to reach the goals of the U.S. Human Genome Project in cooperation with the extramural division of the National Center for Human Genome Research of the National Institutes of Health. The U.S. project is part of a larger international effort to characterize the genomes of humans and several model organisms. (Other genome programs include the DOE microbial genome program, a project to characterize microbes of environmental or industrial interest.) The DOE human genome program includes research projects at universities, three DOE Genome Centers, DOE-owned National Laboratories, and other research organizations.
• http://www.gdb.org/Dan/DOE/prim1.html#1 -- The complete set of instructions for making an organism is called its genome. It contains the master blueprint for all cellular structures and activities for the lifetime of the cell or organism. Found in every nucleus of a persons many trillions of cells, the human genome consists of tightly coiled threads of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and associated protein molecules, organized into structures called chromosomes (Fig. 1). If unwound and tied together, the strands of DNA would stretch more than 5 feet but would be only 50 trillionths of an inch wide. For each organism, the components of these slender threads encode all the information necessary for building and maintaining life, from simple bacteria to remarkably complex human beings. Understanding how DNA performs this function requires some knowledge of its structure and organization.
• http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ -- GenBank
• http://ndbserver.rutgers.edu:80/ -- The goal of the Nucleic Acid Database Project is to assemble and distribute structural information about nucleic acids
• http://pundit.colorado.edu:8080/RNA/GRPI/introns.html -- Group I Intron DatabaseWelcome to the database.This database is still under construction. Soon there will be more extensive searching capabilities as well as added structures. I am currently seeking opinions on the form of this database. Please send me your comments.
• http://www.nig.ac.jp/ -- Welcome to the [Japanese] National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411, JAPAN NOTE: Home Page in Japanese is here
• http://www.ncgr.org/gsdb/gsdb.html -- The Genome Sequence DataBase is a collection of DNA sequence data and related information.
• http://gdbwww.gdb.org/ -- The Genome Database An international collaboration in support of the Human Genome Project Hosted by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland USA and available at mirror sites worldwide.The Genome Database (GDB) stores and curates genomic mapping data submitted by researchers worldwide and provides this information electronically to the scientific community. With the release of Version 6.0, GDB becomes the first database of its kind to allow online public curation and third party annotation.
• http://chipo.chem.uic.edu/~richard/mbdata.htm -- Molecular biology, biochemistry databases. Content: Nucleic acid databases; Three-dimensional structure of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA); Gene, DNA, sequences - general; RNA sequences - general; Gene, DNA, RNA databases of species (E. coli, B. subtilis, etc.); Gene mutation databases; Protein databases; Secondary and tertiary structures of proteins; Protein sequences; Enzyme, metabolic pathway, antigen databases.
• http://mistral.ere.umontreal.ca/~williamg/genethics.html -- Genetics and Ethics
• http://ncgr.org./gpi/Index.html - Ethics and Genetics: Individuals, families, health care providers and policymakers face important health care decisions every day. Today, with the growing awareness of the role that genetics plays in our society, decision-making requires more information than ever before. And it's often information that can be hard to find and interpret. This portion of NCGR's web site has been created to help provide and interpret this information
• http://hugo.gdb.org/ -- HUGO's Mission: The Human Genome Organisation (HUGO) is the international organisation of scientists involved in the Human Genome Project (HGP), the global initiative to map and sequence the human genome. HUGO was established in 1989 by a group of the world's leading genome scientists to promote international collaboration within the project. HUGO carries out a complex coordinating role within the HGP. HUGO activities range from support of data collation for constructing genetic and physical maps of the human genome to the organisation of workshops to promote the consideration of a wide range of ethical, legal, social and intellectual property issues. HUGO fosters the exchange of data and biomaterials, encourages the spreading and sharing of technologies, provides information and advice on aspects of human genome programmes and serves as a coordinating agency for building relationships between various governmental funding agencies and the genome community. HUGO provides an interface between the HGP and the many groups and organisations interested or involved in the human genome initiative.
• http://www.exploratorium.edu/genepool/genepool_home.html -- Diving Into the Gene Pool, a major, multifaceted exhibition developed by the Exploratorium, exploring genetics and the Human Genome Project from a variety of perspectives from April 8 to September 4, 1995.
• http://www.ornl.gov/TechResources/Human_Genome/resource/elsi.html -- Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues (ELSI) Serious study is now under way on the ethical, legal,and social issues (ELSI) related to increasingly rapid progress in understanding human genetics. Four areas were identified by advisers to the ELSI program for initial emphasis: privacy of genetic information, safe and effective introduction of genetic information in the clinical setting, fairness in the use of genetic information, and professional and public education. The program gives strong emphasis to understanding the ethnic, cultural, social, and psychological influences that must inform policy development and service delivery.
• http://www.gdb.org/Dan/DOE/intro.html -- Primer on Molecular Genetics (Department of Energy) This primer was prepared by Denise Casey (Human Genome Management Information System Oak Ridge National Laboratory) for the 1991-92 DOE Human Genome Program Report and modified for Web access by Dan Jacobson. The primer is now being extensively revised and updated by HGMIS.
• http://kumchttp.mc.ukans.edu/instruction/medicine/genetics/homepage.html -- Welcome to the Genetics Education Center University of Kansas Medical Center For educators with an interest in human genetics and the human genome project.
• http://www.nchgr.nih.gov/Other_resources/genetic.html -- Genetic/Genome Resources
• http://www.sciencemag.org/science/scripts/display/full/274/5287/540.html -- A Gene Map of the Human Genome. The human genome is thought to harbor 50,000 to 100,000 genes, of which about half have been sampled to date in the form of expressed sequence tags. An international consortium was organized to develop and map gene-based sequence tagged site markers on a set of two radiation hybrid panels and a yeast artificial chromosome library. More than 16,000 human genes have been mapped relative to a framework map that contains about 1000 polymorphic genetic markers. The gene map unifies the existing genetic and physical maps with the nucleotide and protein sequence databases in a fashion that should speed the discovery of genes underlying inherited human disease.
• http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SCIENCE96/ -- A Gene Map of the Human Genome: The Human Genome Project is expected to produce a sequence of DNA representing the functional blueprint and evolutionary history of the human species. However, only about 3% of this sequence is thought to specify the portions of our 50,000 to 100,000 genes thatencode proteins. Thus an important part of basic and applied genomics is to identify and localize these genes in a process known as transcript mapping. When genes are expressed, their sequences are first converted into messenger RNA transcripts, which can be isolated in the form of complementary DNAs (cDNAs). Approximately half of all human genes had been sampled as of 15 June, 1996.
• http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/SCIENCE96/genelist -- Featured Genes: To see more details on a Featured Gene, click on the symbol to the left or on the gene symbol. If your gene of interest is not included on this list, you might find additional medical information in the Online Mendelian Inheritence in Man (OMIM) database, a comphrehensive catalog of human genes and inherited disorders.
• http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/ -- Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) BLAST performs fast database searching combined with rigorous statistics for judging the significance of matches. Five BLAST programs search many different combinations of query and database sequences.
• http://www-leland.stanford.edu/group/morrinst/HGDP.html -- The Human Genome Diversity Project is an international project that seeks to understand the diversity and unity of the entire human species.
• http://www.faseb.org/genetics/ashg/policy/pol-00.htm -- Policy Papers American Society of Human Genetics
• http://gdbwww.gdb.org/gdb/docs/genomic_links.html -- Human Genome Project and Other Biology Resources
• http://www.cpn.org/sections/affiliates/hastings_center.html -- The Hastings Center For twenty-seven years the work of The Hastings Center has covered the broad range of problems and issues posed to our society by developments in medicine and the life sciences--from test-tube babies to genetic engineering, organ transplantation, end-of-life decisions, health care rationing, and more. With the addition of projects in enviromental ethics, and more recently a focus on biotechnology and institutional changes in the health care system, such as managed care, we have broadened the scope of our interest and involvement further still. The following pages present snapshots of our major projects. They also offer a glimpse of projects still on the drawing board, for which support is being sought. This will provide, we hope, a useful introduction to our work and an overview of the rich agenda of the Center's research programs.
• http://www.geneletter.org/mainmenu.htm -- The Gene Letter
• http://www.nchgr.nih.gov/home.html -- National Center For Human Genome Research
• http://www.nchgr.nih.gov:80/HGP/ -- The Human Genome Project:The Human Genome Project (HGP) is an international research program designed to construct detailed genetic and physical maps of the human genome, to determine the complete nucleotide sequence of human DNA, to localize the estimated 50,000-100,000 genes within the human genome, and to perform similar analyses on the genomes of several other organisms used extensively in research laboratories as model systems. The scientific products of the HGP will comprise a resource of genomic maps and DNA sequence information that will provide detailed information about the structure, organization and characteristics of human DNA, information that constitutes the basic set of inherited "instructions" for the development and functioning of a human being.
• http://operon.com/repkits.html --Three Kits for Representational Difference Analysis
• http://biology.uoregon.edu/Biology_WWW/Biospheres/Spring95/albertson2.html -- Representational Difference Analysis (RDA): The Technique: Simplification of the Genomes. Complex genomes have been very difficult to analyze for genetic differences due to the large amount of DNA present in non-coding regions of the genome. RDA eliminates this problem in the first step by simplifying the two genomes that are being compared. The two genomes are simplified by making "representations" that consist of small DNA restriction fragments amplified by PCR. The success of RDA depends on the fact that even small genetic differences can cause changes in restriction enzyme cutting patterns.

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